how to compost sawdust

You probably have a big pile of leftover sawdust after building a raised garden bed or cutting down trees in the yard. Although sawdust can be used as animal bedding, it can also be used as an ingredient in making compost. So, how do you compost sawdust? To compost sawdust, add plenty of nitrogen-rich material ("greens"), such as grass clippings, to your compost pile. You may need to add water to keep the pile wet enough, since sawdust will dry out a compost pile. Turn the pile often to help aerate the compost and encourage bacteria to decompose the pile faster. Of course, you should always remember to wear a mask when working with sawdust. Also, avoid using sawdust from chemically treated wood (such as plywood). In this article, we'll take a closer look at how to compost sawdust. Then, we’ll answer some common questions about using sawdust in the garden. Let's get started. How To Compost Sawdust The first step in composting sawdust is to make sure that your source of sawdust is safe. Do not use sawdust that comes from chemically treated wood. Sawdust from chemically treated wood is not safe for composting, so be sure to find a clean source of sawdust. Find A Source Of Non-Toxic Sawdust Chemically treated wood includes the following (Note: this is not an exhaustive list): Pressure-treated wood (some of these contain copper chemicals, like chromated copper arsenate, to preserve the wood.)Railroad ties (these are waterproofed by soaking in creosote, which can leach out into soil.)Plywood (the glue used to hold plywood together contains formaldehyde, which is toxic)Finished wood (anything treated with a toxic chemical, such as certain stains or sealers). The glue (adhesive) in plywood may be toxic, so avoid plywood sawdust for compost. Remember that you may also be allergic to certain types of wood. Even if not, you should wear a mask and gloves when handling sawdust. If you don’t have your own source of clean and safe sawdust, you can find some from a local business, such as: a sawmill (the sawdust comes from cutting trees, and is most likely not toxic).a woodworking shop (as long as the wood is not pressure treated or finished, it should be nontoxic).a tree removal company (the sawdust from trees should not be toxic - but the trees may have been diseased, so don't use the sawdust in your garden until after it is composted). Just make sure that the sawdust is from “clean” wood that excludes the toxic materials listed above. Choose sawdust from a clean source, such as trees that have been removed. Add Some Greens To Your Compost Pile Once you have a safe supply of clean sawdust, it is time to start your compost pile. The next step is to find some “greens” to add to your pile. Sawdust contains a lot of carbon, which makes it a “brown” (carbon-rich) compost material. Grass clippings, on the other hand, contain a lot of nitrogen, which makes them a “green” (nitrogen-rich) compost material. Grass clippings contain lots of nitrogen, which offsets carbon in materials like sawdust. You want a good mix of brown and green materials in your compost pile. That way, the carbon and nitrogen levels are balanced. Too much carbon will tie up all of the available nitrogen in the pile. Too little carbon will cause the pile will decompose slowly (if at all). Some common nitrogen-rich green materials that you can add to the sawdust in your compost pile include: Grass clippings (make sure they are from an untreated lawn, since herbicides can hurt your plants, and pesticides can hurt bees.)Green LeavesWeeds from your garden (be careful about adding the seeds of weeds to your compost pile - if there are seeds, you could burn the weeds first.)Tea bagsCoffee groundsVegetable and fruit scrapsManure (such as from chickens, cows, or horses.)SeaweedKelp Grass is a "green", or nitrogen-rich, composting material that is a good complement for sawdust. For more information, check out some of my articles on composting: Check out my article on making compost.Check out my article on how big your compost bin should be.Check out my article on how to make ericaceous compost for acid-loving plants.Check out my article on things you should not compost. Remember that sawdust is very dry, so it can absorb lots of water from your compost pile. This can be helpful after a rain or if you add too much water to your compost pile by mistake. Also, keep in mind that sawdust is very carbon-rich, so a little goes a long way. For example, your compost pile should not be made up of 50% sawdust. Even with very nitrogen-rich green materials, this would be too much carbon for the bacteria to break down the sawdust. How Long Does It Take To Compost Sawdust? Sawdust can be composted within 6 months under proper conditions. This assumes a few things, though: You have the proper ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the compost pile (greens, like grass clippings, to go along with the browns, like sawdust.)You maintain the proper moisture level in the compost pile (not too wet and not too dry.)You turn the compost pile to aerate it (to encourage bacterial growth and activity.) Having lots of worms in your garden can also help to speed up the composting process. However, according to the University of Arkansas Extension, composting sawdust can take several years in some cases. This is due to the fact that sawdust is so carbon-rich (or, so nitrogen-poor). Sawdust can take from months to years to decompose completely, depending on what it is mixed with in the compost pile. In fact, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C to N or C: N) in sawdust can be 200:1 or even up to 500:1! A 500:1 carbon to nitrogen ratio means that sawdust with 500 pounds of carbon would contain only 1 pound of nitrogen. For more information, check out this article from the University of Missouri Extension, which has a table with carbon to nitrogen ratios for sawdust and other compost materials. How To Compost Sawdust Faster You may not want to wait years for your sawdust to turn into compost that is ready for the garden. Luckily, there are a few steps you can take to speed up the composting process for sawdust. Let’s get into those now. Add Finished Compost, Animal Manure, Or Topsoil To Your Compost Pile Many times, a compost pile has the proper air and moisture levels, and it has the correct ratio of green to brown materials. It just needs a little “boost” to get it started on the path to decomposition. One way to give your compost pile the boost it needs is to add materials that already contain plenty of the beneficial bacteria that you want. A few things that already contain bacteria that help to break down compost include: Finished compost – this is compost that has completely decomposed. It looks and smells like fresh earth, and there is no detectable trace of the materials that were originally part of the pile.Animal manure – this includes waste from animals (such as chickens, cows, horses, etc.) and also their bedding (sawdust, wood shavings, straw, and hay). In addition to containing bacteria, animal waste contains plenty of nitrogen (you can tell by the smell!)Topsoil – healthy topsoil from your garden should contain bacteria that will help to break down the materials in a compost pile. If you are lucky, your topsoil may also contain some worms, which can help to break down a compost pile even faster. For more information, check out this article on sawdust composting from the Cooperative Extension. Animal manure contains nitrogen to offset the carbon in sawdust, and it contains bacteria to give compost a boost in the decomposition process. Keep Your Compost Pile Moist (But Not Wet!) Bacteria in a compost pile need proper moisture to do their work of decomposing the materials in the pile. Compost should not be too wet, and it should not be too dry. Unfortunately, sawdust is extremely dry. Adding a lot of it to your pile will absorb a lot of water. This leaves bacteria without enough moisture to do their work. If you find that your compost pile is dry after adding sawdust, add some water with a hose to keep it moist. If your compost pile is too dry due to too much compost, you can add some water with a hose. Generally, you can tell bacteria are not working if the pile is cool or warm, rather than hot. A compost pile can get up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius) when the bacteria are really working! Don’t worry if the compost pile gets too wet after a heavy rain, or if you added too much water by mistake. In that case, simply add some more sawdust to absorb the extra water. Just make sure to add enough extra green compost materials (like grass clippings) to offset the extra sawdust you added (remember, it’s all about balancing the carbon and nitrogen in the pile!) Aerate Your Compost Pile By Turning It In addition to moisture, the bacteria in your compost pile need air (oxygen) in order to work properly. If your pile just sits there stagnant, it may not get the air circulation it needs. One way to aerate your compost pile is to simply turn it over with a shovel or pitchfork. When you do this, you should see steam coming up from the hot compost if the bacteria are working properly. Turn a compost pile with a shovel or pitchfork. This aerates the pile, giving bacteria the oxygen they need to decompose sawdust. You should turn your compost pile often to give proper aeration. However, turning too often may not allow the bacteria enough time to heat up the pile (which shows that they are really working!) The University of Illinois suggests turning a compost pile every 2 to 4 weeks for best results. When turning compost, bring the materials from the center to the outside. Another option is to use a compost tumbler to store your pile. This will allow you to protect the pile from getting too much rain. More importantly, it will allow you to turn the tumbler by hand without using a shovel or pitchfork. The best part of all is that you can put a wheelbarrow right under the tumbler and empty the compost for easy transport when it is fully decomposed. Is Sawdust A Good Fertilizer? Sawdust is not a good balanced fertilizer. According to Science Direct, it contains lots of carbon and oxygen, along with hydrogen and even a little nitrogen. However, it is not a good source of important plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Add sawdust to a compost pile and let it decompose before using it in the garden. Sawdust is best used as one ingredient in a compost pile that contains greens (such as grass clippings), which can provide abundant nitrogen and other nutrients. Is Sawdust Bad For Soil? Pure uncomposted sawdust by itself is bad for soil. There is too much carbon in sawdust, and not enough nitrogen. Pure, uncomposted sawdust is not good for soil, since it will tie up nitrogen, making it unavailable for plants. As a result, the carbon in sawdust ties up the nitrogen in soil as it decomposes. This makes the nitrogen in the soil unavailable for plants. According to the Texas A&M University Extension, this lack of nitrogen can last anywhere from several months to several years. The time frame depends on the amount of sawdust added to the soil and the soil conditions (including moisture and aeration.) If you have already added sawdust to your soil, you can counter the problem by adding finished compost to your soil. The nitrogen in the compost will offset some of the carbon in the sawdust. In turn, the bacteria in the compost will speed up the process of decomposing the sawdust. Can Sawdust Be Used As Fertilizer? Pure uncomposted sawdust should not be used as a fertilizer. As mentioned above, sawdust does not contain a significant amount of nitrogen (it also contains very little phosphorus or potassium). Plants need nitrogen in large amounts for proper growth. A lack of nitrogen will lead to chlorosis (yellow) leaves, stunted growth, and other problems in plants. Adding uncomposted sawdust to soil can lead to nitrogen deficiency, causing chlorosis (yellow leaves) in plants. For more information on nitrogen and other soil nutrients, check out my article on NPK ratio and what it means. Will Sawdust Kill Plants (Grass & Weeds)? If you put sawdust over plants (such as grass and weeds), it will kill them by smothering them. This works just like any other mulch would: a thick layer of mulch causes a lack of air and sunlight, which will kill grass and weeds eventually. You can smother grass or weeds by covering them with sawdust. However, any other mulch will do this as well. As mentioned above, sawdust in soil can tie up nitrogen when mixed in. However, this is not such a problem if sawdust is used as mulch over the top of soil and not mixed in. For more information, check out this article from the University of Idaho Extension on using sawdust as mulch and soil amendment. Conclusion Now you have a much better idea of how to compost sawdust. You also know about its other uses, and how not to use it in the garden. I hope you found this article helpful – if so, please share it with someone who can use the information. If you want to read some of my most popular posts, check out the “Best of GreenUpSide” page here. Enjoy! ~Jonathon